Offensive Advertisement Essay

Some marketers use persuasive advertisements to capture the attention of the customers; however, some marketers use offensive concepts to make publicity and create strong brand awareness. This is what Dolce and Gabanna did in endorsing the products in the market. The magazine advertisement portrays an image of a lady while being raped by a group of men. The controversial advertisement shows a man holding a woman by her wrists which symbolizes domestic violence. While the lady lies on the ground and the man grips her arm, they are being surrounded by topless men. Apparently, this advertisement portrays violence against women (Walters, 2007). Obviously, the company wants to promote publicity through this poster advertisement. The company aims to sell the brand name rather than the product itself. Through this kind of advertisement, the society will easily recall the name of the company which would make them buy the product because of its prominence in the market (Bel et al, 2005). This creative poster ad aims to sell the brand and awake the emotion of the people regarding domestic violence. Although it portrays aggression, the company has the right to show it to the public to make the customers aware about the rights of women in the society. Showing offensive images does not mean promoting a certain action to the public, it may serve as the bridge to make the government and the community act to eradicate the root of aggression in the world. It has to be distributed to the market not only to create sales but also to open the eyes of the people about domestic violence. The idea that this poster ad became controversial because of its subliminal messages should be taken as a good marketing method because the public easily reacted to the messages that this kind of ad shows to the society. This advertisement may have negative messages but it only shows that even the apparel company could create an effective publicity to promote the business and bring up the societal problems. The critics may find this advertisement as offensive; however, this would trigger the emotion of the people and make them act against domestic violence. References Bel, B. Brouwer, J. & Das, B. (2005). Media and Meditation. New Delhi: SAGE Walters, C. (2007). Is This Fashion Ad Promoting Gang Rape?. The Consumerist. Retrieved March 19, 2009 from http://consumerist. com/consumer/advertising/is-this-fashion-ad-promoting-gang-rape-313579. php

Electronic Health Record Essay

Computer technology continues to make rapid advances in healthcare facilities. Many healthcare facilities have used computer programs for administrative functions such as payroll and billing. Electronic health record (EHR) systems have the potential to transform the health care system from a mostly paper-based industry to one that utilizes clinical and other pieces of information to assist providers in delivering higher quality of care to their patients. EHR (Electronic Health Record) is an information sharing system for both patients and doctors. Electronic Health Record or EMR is a computerized medical record of a patient in a digital form. It provides the opportunity for healthcare organizations to improve quality of care and patient safety. â€Å"The greatest challenge in the new world of integrated healthcare delivery is to provide comprehensive, reliable, relevant, accessible, and timely patient information to each member of the healthcare team whether in primary or secondary care and whether a doctor, nurse, allied health professional, or patient/consume† (Schloeffel et al. 2). EHRs are a longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, and radiology reports†. Some of the basic benefits associated with EHRs include being able to easily access computerized records and the elimination of poor penmanship, which has historically plagued the handwritten medical chart. This technology can offer a more consistent method for open communication among physicians, nurses, labs and other clinical staff without relying on handwritten notes stored in a single-location, electronic health records can help with the time it takes to treat someone. Researchers have examined the benefits of EHRs by considering clinical, organizational, and societal outcomes. Clinical outcomes include improvements in the quality of care, a reduction in medical errors, and other improvements in patient-level measures that describe the appropriateness of care. Organizational outcomes, on the other hand, have included such items as financial and operational performance, as well as satisfaction among patients and clinicians who use EHRs. Lastly, societal outcomes include being better able to conduct research and achieving improved population health. Patient information can be accessed from multiple locations with password-protected security, and doctors’ orders can be queued in sequence to match the importance of the procedure to patient care. Electronic medical records contain a vast array of information that can be analyzed and monitored in digital form much more readily than paper records. Health care facility officials review the records regularly for compliance with all regulations and medical protocols, to monitor trends in resource usage and patient care patterns and to look for ways to improve patient care throughout the facility. People should be able to get better quality of care due to the amount of information on hand from every available and viable medical source. Give faster and more efficient diagnosis and treatments for patients. More convenient data trail; paperwork can often go uncompleted but electronically stored is faster and easier therefore it gets done effectively. When medical audits take place all information is readily available making workflow and procedures faster and smoother. The overall benefits that the electronic medical records provides doctors and patients worldwide. The system can Reduce and/ or eliminate the use of paper it can also allows all practitioners to see and update relevant patient data, reduces errors in transcription of paper records from one department to another and should speed the delivery of patient services. EMR technology can make storing and sharing information easier and more efficient not to mention convenient, it should help lessen and/or avoid duplication of testing, prescribing medicines that in combination might be dangerous or seems not to help, and the ability for anyone on the medical team to understand the approaches taken to a condition. Despite the growing literature on benefits of various EHR functionalities, some opponents have identified potential disadvantages associated with this technology. These include financial issues, changes in workflow, temporary loss of productivity associated with EHR adoption, privacy and security concerns, and several unintended consequences. Financial issues, including adoption and implementation costs, ongoing maintenance costs, loss of revenue associated with temporary loss of productivity, and declines in revenue, present a disincentive for hospitals and physicians to adopt and implement an EHR. EHR adoption and implementation costs include purchasing and installing hardware and software, converting paper charts to electronic ones, and training end-users. Training people to learn and use the new system and understand the capabilities of this technology. Making sure that the technology is integrated with widely used systems and computer software with ease. The maintenance cost of an EHR can also be costly. Hardware must be replaced and software must be upgraded on a regular basis. In addition, providers must have ongoing training and support for the end-users of an HER. There are some security matters, which include keeping the information safe from hackers. Privacy and confidentiality of records, such as who should and/or could have access to the important data. The risk of patient privacy violations, which is an increasing concern for patients due to the increasing amount of health information exchanged electronically. To relieve some of these concerns, policymakers have taken measures to ensure safety and privacy of patient data. For example, recent legislation has imposed regulations specifically relating to the electronic exchange of health information that strengthen existing Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy and security policies. In this paper we discussed several advantages and disadvantages associated with an EHR adoption. Many of the benefits accrue to patients and society overall. Providers and other users are also expected to face technological and logistical obstacles on their quest to achieve meaningful use of EHRs. Electronic Medical Record provides easy access and improves quality of care and patient safety. We have the advantages and disadvantages to both paper medical record and electronic medical record. Healthcare providers must first obtain information and carefully review the positive and negative aspects of it. Through this technology today, EMR can transform healthcare delivery in the United States and worldwide. Nationwide implementation of EHRs is a necessary, although not sufficient, part in transforming the US health care system for the better. EHR adoption must be considered one of many approaches that diversify our focus on quality improvement and cost reduction. Works Cited Menachemi, N. , & Collum, T. Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems. Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3270933/ Schloeffel, Peter, et al. â€Å"Background and Overview of the Good Electronic Health Record. † May 2001. Retrieved from http://www. gehr. org/Documents/BackgroundOverview_of_GEHR. htm

A Current Event Essay

After the United States bombed Japan in World War Two, Korea was divided into two countries: North and South Korea. The economy in each country had different outcomes, which prevented and complicated these two countries coming back together. The US and five other countries, including North and South Korea, were involved in the Six Party Talks to try to combine the two conflicting countries. In 2005, North Korea was afraid it was giving away to much information about their nuclear weapons and they withdrew from the Six Party Talk. Although the United States has participated in talks with North Korea before, the US should engage in talks with them because they need to make a decision that will affect the country by preventing starvation or saving their nuclear weapons program. As stated in the New York Times, â€Å"Almost one out of two children is chronically malnourished North Korea runs a shortage of one million tons of food a year† (Sang-Hun). The United States should engage in talks with North Korea because their people are the ones suffering due to lack of nutrition. The government should understand that the future of North Korea wouldn’t look too bright with a smaller population and residents that are more angered than today. Also, since this country is under a dictatorship, the people have no input on topics, such as this one, that can help the bulk of their people. If the government were to continue to go against the people, an uprising should be expected and to other countries this wouldn’t come as a shock. With the help of the United States, the US can compromise with the North Korean government and supply aid for the deprived people. Not only is it in the best interest for the North Koreans, but for their government to negotiate to keep themselves in power. Another worry for the United States is North Korea has possession of nuclear weapons. As stated in the New York Times, â€Å"Since six-party talks ended, North Korea has detonated a nuclear device and tested a long-range rocket that may one day be able to carry nuclear warheads â€Å" (Knowlton and Sang-Hun). With having this as a â€Å"safety† or backup, Kim Jung IL is believed to have sold nuclear parts to Iran and Syria. What’s even worse is North Korea has the choice to sell their nuclear materials to Al Qaeda. The United States is concerned that if Al Qaeda were to possess these materials, they could create nuclear weapons and use this to hurt other countries, such as the US and Israel. Al Qaeda has no guilt for hurting large masses of people, so firing these VERY dangerous weapons, and killing people, wouldn’t be on their conscious. If the United States were to engage in talks with North Korea, they could compromise on dismantling their nuclear weapons, and could prevent nuclear materials from getting into the wrong hands. In conclusion, the United States would be making the right decision to engage in talks with North Korea for the sake of their starving people and from keeping nuclear materials out of the hands of Al Qaeda. This would help secure our safety and could potentially give the United States another ally in Asia. North Koreans are starving and with out the nuclear weapons they receive aid, if North Korea were to keep their nuclear weapons the civilians continue to starve. Brian Knowlton and Choe Sang-Hun, New U. S. Envoy to Talk With North Koreans, New York Times, October 19, 2011. Choe Sang-Hun, Head of U. N. Humanitarian Aid Paints Dire Scene in North Korea, New York Times, October 24, 2011

Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions, Ideal Currency, Impact of the Assignment

Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions, Ideal Currency, Impact of the Global Financial Crisis - Assignment Example By definition, mergers and acquisitions can be described as the purchase of a company’s ownership or part of its assets by another company. In other words, these types of transactions imply that existing assets are consolidated in a new shape. More often than not, the process of asset recombination occurs whenever corporate assets are not used in the best possible way (Depamphilis, 2013). Hence, the combination of two or more assets should be more valuable and worthwhile than the sum of its parts. The process of cross-border mergers and acquisitions can be organized into a logical sequence of steps that should be conducted in order to come up with a set of meaningful and feasible strategic alternatives (Evenett, 2003). There are common elements that are pertinent when undertaking cross-border mergers and acquisitions namely; identification and valuation, payment of the transaction, and post-acquisition management Vadapalii, 2007). The use of these elements was evident in the merger of British Petroleum and Amoco. This deal was considered to be among the largest cross-border mergers and acquisitions to be executed on American soil (Bruner, 2004). It all began with identification and valuation; whereby, the process of establishing the target market comes way before the identification of the target firm. If a firm would want to venture in a highly developed market, perhaps it would be prudent to go for public listed firms. Such firms are considered to have market structures that are well-defined as well as operational and financial data that are within the public domain (Kang, 2000).

Principles and Practices of Effective Leadership Critical Thinking Mod Essay - 5

Principles and Practices of Effective Leadership Critical Thinking Mod 5 Leading Teams - Essay Example One of the advantages of the use of virtual teams is that it allows companies the ability to optimize the use of its human capital. Companies that use virtual teams are able to take advantage of the skills and capabilities of employees of the company that are located in foreign countries. There are differences in the managerial approaches that leaders use when working with a virtual team in comparison to face-to-face teams. Leaders that have a face to face team can use any of the traditional managerial concepts and theories such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, equity theory, ERG theory, acquired needs theory, or reinforcement to lead the staff. The five needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in ascending order are physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization (Cherry, 2013). Intrinsic rewards are effective to keep the members of a team productive and motivated. An example of an intrinsic reward is telling a person they did a good job on a task. Managers have to pay attention to the body language of the members of team as a preventive measure to ensure the members of the team are not suffering from morale problems. When dealing with a virtual team the manager has to adapt his leadership strategy. Virtual teams require the use of electronic communication tools such as groupware or video chatting capabilities. An excellent website that allows people from different parts of the world to communicate using video chatting is Skype. It is important for leaders to closely monitor the progress on the project by following up with the members of the team. Avoiding information overload in virtual teams is important because information overload can cause stress and inefficiencies among the members of the team. â€Å"There are more global virtual teams today than ever before† (Meyer,

Exploratory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exploratory Paper - Essay Example The only drug that has the potential to depress these symptoms is marijuana. However, because of its illegality, it cannot be given to patients. This paper seeks to explore the various viewpoints regarding medical marijuana issue and its legalization. Doctors believe that marijuana is an appetite builder, a great painkiller, and reduces nausea. Many patients in California, which legalizes medical marijuana use, claim that it relieves symptoms related to chemotherapy (Beau 12). Patients even report enhancement of prescription drugs by marijuana. However, not all doctors believe in the use marijuana, in the treatment of cancer patients. Dr. Hiebert, a hypnotist who helps people kick marijuana, claims that marijuana worsens glaucoma and increases MS symptoms (Beau 13). The final decision on marijuana use for medical purposes lies with the judicial system and lawmakers (Beau 21). The US Supreme Court has opened hearings into whether marijuana distribution for medical use should be legalized under federal law. This case was prompted, by legislation, to legalize marijuana for medicinal use in California. This shows that some courts are becoming lenient towards the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. Federal courts, however, are very serious on the illegality of marijuana and aim to keep it this way. A judiciary panel resolved that marijuana should not be legalized for medical purposes. They labeled it an addictive and dangerous drug as it is under the Controlled Substance Act. Because of this, marijuana has been labeled as psychologically and physiologically damaging without reference to the manner of its use. The federal judicial branch prefers not to legalize it, according to the annual report on alcoholism, as they consider it just as dangero us as cocaine (Beau 23). Law enforcement and government’s approach have a lot of influence on the possibility of legalization of medical marijuana. In states that have

Good Night, and Good Luck, directed by George Clooney, from 2005. film Essay

Good Night, and Good Luck, directed by George Clooney, from 2005. film analysis - Essay Example This is not as appealing as it would be to watch such events as they occur. The photography as done in black and white seems to indicate that the film is in fact, black and white. It means that Murrow is white for his right actions and McCarthy is black due to his wrongful doings. McCarthy continues to do wrong with the film for accusing communists (innocent people) for their beliefs, as he does not have sufficient proof (Clooney & Heslov 39). The news crew and Murrow are right for standing up against McCarthy as nobody else shows the viewers why his actions are wrong. Photographic styles of black and white appear to make the theme of the movie. It made the audience more alert to the immediate environment within the movie. This is because black and white appears relatively boring and dull, the movie’s theme really stands out. Irrespective of the film focusing on the conflict between historical figures, Senator Joseph McCarthy, and journalist extraordinaire Edward Murrow and the roles been played by actors under a dramatic script, the film does not fully fit as a documentary. The question brings to light various cinematographic elements of Clooneys film. Clooney, having directed and co-written the film chooses to depict the film in a manner that mimics direct cinema methodologies such as in other documentaries exhibited between the1950s and 1960s (Clooney & Heslov 35). First, the camera used in the film is hand-held and follows the action to plan the way the director takes black and white shots. It appears to capture all aspects of reality while they happen. The line is so blurry for an effective distinguisher between nonfiction and fiction. Sen. McCarthy is presented by himself through digital restoration of clips about him. Past this technique, the film also includes various dramatic structures that are similar to those of a documentary. With love stories taking over, the

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution Essay

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution - Essay Example They were staunch opponents of much moderate Girodins (also termed as "Brissotin" means loose partnership of republican politicians) who after losing power in 1793 were had to face the "reign of terror "instituted by Montagnards in form of 21 Girodins guillotined by ruling Montagnards and relief factor came to them in 1794 with the end of Montagnard regime. Jean Paul Marat is one out of various reasons which stirred the revolution including the ever-growing elite class, the heavy taxing and cruel feudal system, tyranny on the peasants and crop failure in France in 1788. But he owns central significance while being the leader of radical Montagnards alone. Marat had four occupations and he excelled in all. (1) Marat became a successful doctor in London after having obscure years in France. In 1770s he published many books on scientific and philosophical ideas and philosophies. "A philosophical essay on man (1773) "met huge success. While his political work included "a chain of slavery (1774)". On his return to France he was appointed as a physician to the personal guards of younger brother of the king. On witnessing the grave circumstances of his country he concluded the monarchy is the root of all evils in France and this thought, he later developed in to a movement leading to French revolution. He became editor of a newspaper L'Ami du Peuple (the friend of people) in 1789 and initiated his ruthless, relentless and sharp attacks on aristocracy, that included elite class , royal family and Politicians including king's finance minister . It was a voice of the suppressed class of France, the poor, and it gave them awareness as well as stabilized Marat's influential popularity. In 1790, he addressed his readers, "Five or six hundred heads cut off would have assured your repose, freedom, and happiness. A false humanity has held your arms and suspended your blows; because of this millions of your brothers will lose their lives" (2) The national assembly was shocked and scared now, it sentenced him a month in prison but Marat hided himself and carried on his campaign being behind the scene. Now, the inspirational leader and politician emerged in him. His role as political leader Marat as a delegate to national convention in 1790-91 supported graduated income tax, short term of military service, benefits and schemes for the poor etc publically but inwardly he hated to be a part of aristocracy, and solution to get rid of loathsome Aristocrats was a revolution and just a revolution not passing bills and resolutions. Firstly, he favored the execution of anti-revolutionaries. Secondly, since he was a revolutionary by mind, he supported extremism and radical group to get rid of Royal family and elite class, this movement was called Montagnard movement which in one year of their rule assassinated hundreds of thousands in reign of terror, later, "Girodins" were first target and were targeted severely. Thirdly, he advocated a temporary dictatorship which could deal with emergency in the country. One to one battle and Marat's climax In later two years he became very popular and enjoyed outrageous support by his fellow Persian Leader Georges Danton and Persian people not only in street

Teaching Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching Plan - Essay Example Therefore, here learning will occur through teaching by word of mouth and will be supplemented by power-point slides that will have several pictures (Mayer, 2002). Goal: Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective(s) utilized as the goal for the teaching. Include the appropriate objective number and rationale for using the selected HP2020 objective (use at least one objective from one of the 24 focus areas). The rationale for choosing this objective is that it targets adults especially those over 65 years of age. AF mostly affects this age group. Therefore, the objective will serve this teaching appropriately. The above HP2020 Objective relates to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global initiatives in that Alma Ata calls for the protection and promotion of all people around the world. This objective does so by targeting adults who are a risk age group in terms of their exposure to health related risks. Example – Interactive poster presentation of the Food Pyramid. After an explanation of the poster and each food category, allow students to place pictures of foods on the correct spot on the pyramid. Also, have the class analyze what a child had for lunch by putting names of foods on the poster and discussing what food group still needs to be eaten throughout day. I will evaluate my teaching plan right from the beginning of the lesson. This will be done through questions and an the topic from the beginning of the lesson, as the lesson progresses and at the end of

Government and Offshore and Outsourcing Companies Term Paper

Government and Offshore and Outsourcing Companies - Term Paper Example The term paper "Government and Offshore and Outsourcing Companies" discusses if the government should impose stiff penalties on companies that offshore and outsource. Over the recent past, there has been a growing debate about the role of the government in the problem of offshoring and outsourcing of production among many corporations in the US.The debate has been so entrenched in the country that it formed part of the 1992 presidential debate between Bill Clinton and George Bush. The former had commented that offshoring would lead to more gains for the country in the long run. Recently, the debate has shifted focus into suggesting and proposing harsh penalties for companies that ship their operations overseas in a bid to slowing the practice. Many workers and trade unions have demonstrated against the perceived injustice and decried the lack of compensation for the same. It is understandable when such groups press such grievances forth but implementing what they suggest is totally i mpractical. While in truth locals do lose their jobs when companies move their operations elsewhere, it is not factual to assume that this loss surpasses the gains achieved. It is only prudent that one looks at it from both the company’s viewpoint and that of the larger population. To start with, offshoring is ideally a responsive strategy in dealing with the challenges that companies face in trying to make profits. Treating offshoring as an evil would be to miss an important factor that helps us understand the rationale behind it.

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay Example for Free

Buyer Power of Coffee Industry Essay Buyer bargaining power refers to the pressure consumers can place on the industry, influencing companies to provide better products, service, and lower prices. One determinant of bargaining power is the number of buyer available. For the US coffee and snack industry, the large number of buyers is a big advantage. According to National Coffee Association, 54% of American adults drink coffee. Another key driver that gives buyers leverage is if they can do without the product for long durations. If so, the seller incurs losses when customers discontinue use of the product over long periods. However, coffee drinkers are high frequency buyers, purchasing the drink multiple times throughout the week, if not more often. To these people, coffee has become an integral part of their everyday lives. Because they cannot do without coffee, coffee shops can depend on repeat customers. Switching costs are another element to consider when gauging buyer bargaining. If switching costs are high, buyers are least likely to change over to a competing product. Unfortunately for the US coffee and snack industries, there are absolutely zero costs associated with changing to a different product. Similarly, no cost is incurring when switching to another company. Thus, this makes coffee shops have to constantly improve their product lines, drive down costs, improve service, and other aspects to keep customers choosing their shops over someone else’s. The buyer’s per capita consumption also players a role in determining attractiveness of an industry. During recessions, disposable income generally becomes lower and spending of consumption is cut. When consumer spending is lower, people are less likely to spend on snacks and coffee. Overall, due to the high number of users and the high volume of purchases, from the buyer perspective the coffee and snack industry can be considered attractive.

Ethics Article Review Essay Example for Free

Ethics Article Review Essay This paper seeks to prepare a review of an article discussing ethics in accounting and financial decision making by making a brief summary, relating to assigned reading for the week, relating and applying the concepts to current or former employer’s organization, making improvement for the organization using the article as basis and explaining the importance of ethics in accounting and financial decision making. A description of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley act will also be discussed including its impact on accounting and financial decision making. 2. Discussions 2. a. Brief Summary The article is talking about the importance of ethics in accounting and business. To dramatize its significance in business, it has cited a story of a number of rich people who may have attained their financial rewards in business but ended dying in less meaningful ways impliedly because of missing the principles of ethics. While the article admits that earning money or attaining riches may be an acceptable goal in business, there is still the question of how success in measured in the final analysis and for which the authors were arguing for riches acquired with honor and if a choice would be made between the two, it would be more preferable to have honor rather riches (Smith and Smith, 2003) . 2. b. Relating to assigned readings As to how the article relate to assigned readings for this week, it may be argued that the article has touched on the importance of rules or guides to actions in business. Ethics in business may be asserted to be indispensable if business will have to attain its goals in harmony with other goals of society such as those in economics and politics. 2. c. Application of article to organization As to how the ethical concepts discussed on the article may apply to this researcher’s former or current organization, it may be argued that the universality of principles related to ethics would really make it difficult to exclude this researcher’s organization from any of its application.. Since my organization is part of the larger society where everybody else lives, it cannot isolate itself from the community by doing unethical things. It cannot even argue that any illegal or unethical thing that it may do will not matter in a world where there many players who may be affected by decisions made. In the same way that a member of society can make a difference for the good of the community so with the failure of one organization or even a person in the organization can do to the detriments of many if not all of the members of the community. 2. d. Recommendations for improvement of the organization To make recommendations for improvement on this researcher’s or organization using the article as basis, the organization should encourage simple living among its executives so that they could be more disciplined in the way the company’s resources are being managed not only for the stockholders but even to every stakeholders who stand to benefits from the observance of ethical conduct in the organization. The other stakeholders of course include the employees who aspire for long-term employment (Sears, 2003), the creditors and lenders who resources need to be protected as well, customers who need to have their needs and wants for company’s products and services continuously satisfied and the government who must continue ensuring payment of taxes and compliance with regulations. 2. e. The importance of ethics in accounting and financial decision making and how the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act affects the same The important of ethics in accounting and financial decision making cannot be underestimated. Without ethics there would be no responsibility for right or wrong act can be demanded from people making decisions. The managers who are considered agents of stockholders would instead enrich themselves at the expense of stockholders investments. On the other hand, these stockholders would just exploit whatever they can to the detriment of their principal, this time their debt capital providers. The organization can likewise treat its employees with disrespect and violate the latter’s if there in no ethics that would guide them. Laws will be insufficient to exact compliance if people in the organization were not instilled the proper values when they were still young in the same way that it is hard to teach tricks to an old dog. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a classic example to legislate rules of conduct that would improve corporate governance (Ali, et. al, 2006) including a more strict compliance of requirements in regulating companies in terms of financial statements and ensuring of ethical conduct of external auditors (Bainbridge, 2007). Although the law is a positive act to ethical practice of doing business, the choice to do what is right is still with decision makers who must have the right sense of values for society. 3. Conclusion: Ethics has a purpose to attain. It is a part of an organization’s life since it is a guide to decision making not only in accounting and finance but even to all other aspect of business operations. A sense or rightness or wrongness offers a choice and that which is good is incidentally consistent with ethics. As the world seems to be painting what are the standards of its success when actually they are not the real and lasting ones, ethics its and principles have much to offer in making the correct decision that will lead real and lasting success for human existence. The article has argued that honor is preferable than riches but riches need not be inconsistent with riches as long as they are ethically acquired. References: Ali, et. al (2006) International Corporate Governance After Sarbanes-Oxley, John Wiley and Sons Bainbridge (2007), The Complete Guide to Sarbanes-Oxley: Understanding How Sarbanes-Oxley Affects Your Business; Adams Media Sears (2003) Successful Talent Strategies: Achieving Superior Business Results Through Market-focused Staffing, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Association. Smith and Smith (2003) Business and Accounting Ethics, {www document} URL, http://acct. tamu. edu/smith/ethics/ethics. htmAccessed September 29,2008

Wireshark IP Routing

Wireshark IP Routing Introduction To complete this study, I have had three Virtual machines running at once. Two of these Virtual Machines were running Ubuntu and one was running FREEBSD acting like a router between the two Ubuntu machines. Configured Each machine to the specified IP addresses beforehand and set two NAT Networks up as required in the study. Once all was set up I double checked IP addresses of both Ubuntu machines by opening terminal and typing in ifconfig which then confirmed that both machines networks were working correctly. Furthermore, I have used the ping command to send an ICMP packet to NAT Networks to confirm both Ubuntu machines are connected to the right network. (See below) Â   Fig.1 ifconfig Fig.2 ping NAT Network Fig.3 ICMP Echo Request message IP information Select the first ICMP Echo Request message sent by your computer, and expand the Internet Protocol part of the packet in the packet details window. What is the IP address of your computer? The IP Address of my computer is 10.0.3.4 . I found this out by looking at the Source and thats where packets were sent from so I know that will be my IP address also in the Internet Protocol version 4 it says Src: 10.0.3.4. Within the IP packet header, what is the value in the upper layer protocol field? Within the header, the value in the upper layer protocol field is ICMP(1). How many bytes are in the IP header? How many bytes are in the payload of the IP datagram? Explain how you determined the number of payload bytes. There are 20 bytes in the IP header and 60 bytes total length this gives 40 bytes in the payload of the IP datagram. To determine the number of payload bytes all you need to do is take away the IP header size which in this case is 20bytes from the total length which in this case is 60 bytes and the remainder is the number of payload bytes. Has this IP datagram been fragmented? Explain how you determined whether or not the datagram has been fragmented. The more fragments is= 0 so the data is not fragmented. I looked at the Flags drop down and there it determines if a packet is fragmented or not and in this case more fragments was 0 also Fragment offset is also =0. Which fields in the IP datagram always change from one datagram to the next within this series of ICMP messages sent by your computer? Time to live, Identification and Header checksum always change. The identification is a unique number assigned to each packet so it always has to change as a result of this the Header checksum will change and the Time to live will change with it too. Which fields stay constant? Which of the fields must stay constant? Which fields must change? Why? The fields that stay constant across the IP datagrams are: Version (since we are using IPv4 for all packets) Header length (since these are ICMP packets) Source IP (since we are sending from the same source) Destination IP (since we are sending to the same destination) Differentiated Services (since all packets are ICMP they use the same Type of Service class) Upper Layer Protocol (since these are ICMP packets) The fields that must stay constant are: Version (since we are using IPv4 for all packets) Header length (since these are ICMP packets) Source IP (since we are sending from the same source) Destination IP (since we are sending to the same dest) Differentiated Services (since all packets are ICMP they use the same Type of Service class) Upper Layer Protocol (since these are ICMP packets) The fields that must change are: Identification(IP packets must have different ids) Time to live (traceroute increments each subsequent packet) Header checksum (since header changes, so must checksum) Describe the pattern you see in the values in the Identification field of the IP datagram IP header Identification fields increment with each ICMP Echo (ping) request. I found this out by scrolling through each ICMP Echo request (ping) and looking at how Identification field values change. Fig.4 ICMP TTL exceeded reply, IP Info What is the value in the Identification field and the TTL field? Identification: 0x01a9(425) TTL:64 Do these values remain unchanged for all of the ICMP TTL-exceeded replies sent to your computer by the nearest (first hop) router? Why? The TTL will remain unchanged because the first hop router is always the same. Identification field for all ICMP TTL-exceeded replies will change because it is assigned a unique value. When two or more IP datagrams have the same identification value that means that these IP datagrams are fragments of a single large IP datagram. Fig.5 ICMP Echo Request packet size = 2000, First segment 10. Find the first ICMP Echo Request message that was sent by your computer after you changed the Packet Size in pingplotter to be 2000. Has that message been fragmented across more than one IP datagram? Yes, this packet has been fragmented across more than one IP datagram. I found this out by looking at the info tab on my Wireshark as it clearly states Fragmented IP also, I checked each one to see under Flags if the More segments is set to a value or not. 11. Print out the first fragment of the fragmented IP datagram. What information in the IP header indicates that the datagram been fragmented? What information in the IP header indicates whether this is the first fragment versus a latter fragment? How long is this IP datagram? Under the Flags bit for More Fragments it is showing that the datagram has been fragmented. Since the fragment offset is 0, we know that this is the first fragment. This first datagram has a total length of 1500 including the header. Fig.6 ICMP Echo Request packet size= 2000, second fragment Print out the second fragment of the fragmented IP datagram. What information in the IP header indicates that this is not the first datagram fragment? Are the more fragments? How can you tell? I can tell that this is not the first fragment since the fragment offset is 1480. It is the last fragment since the more fragments flag is not set. What fields change in the IP header between the first and second fragment? The IP header fields that changed between the fragments are: total length, flags, fragment offset and checksum. Fig.7 ICMP Echo Request packet size=3500, first fragment How many fragments were created from the original datagram? After switching to 3500, there are 3 packets created from original datagram. What fields change in the IP header among the fragments? The IP header fields that changed between all of the packets are: fragment offset and checksum. Between the first two packets and the last packet, we see a change in total length also in the flags. The first two packets have the total length of 1500 with more fragments bit set to 1 and the last packet has a total length of 540 with more fragments bit set to 0.

Views On Slavery :: Slavery Essays

There are many perceptions as to how people view slavery. When people talk about slavery, the first thing that comes to their mind will be African American Slaves in the United States. They will also think of how they were brought to the United States against their own will and unequally exploited. However, according to Stephen F. Austin, during the eighteen-twenty’s and thirty’s Mexicans also had slaves. He compares American Slaves and Cruz Arocha as a Mexican Slave. Although there are many differences between Cruz Arocha and the American slaves, especially in the ways they are treated. First of all Americans brought their slaves to the United States chained up and against their own will. They would fit over one hundred of them in small rooms in ships for a trip across the Atlantic Ocean, with out giving them an adequate supply of food and water to live off of. According to the book, Out of Many second edition, they were stowed so close that they were not allowed one foot and a half in each breadth. Although most of the slaves died on the trip and were thrown over board, those that did survive were the best equipped for the harsh conditions awaiting them. The trip itself got rid of all the slaves that would not last long in harsh conditions. Those that survived were what the Americans needed. Upon arrival in the United States the slaves would se either sold or traded for goods, land or other slaves. They were always chained up when they were not working and when they were, there was always someone watching over them with a gun and a whip. Slaves who did not obey the ir masters were whipped. According to the book even the most broad-minded plantation owners of the eighteenth century thought nothing about floggings of fifty or seventy slashes. Mexicans viewed slavery as having people mistreated and never treated as equals. Not showing any type of moral value towards a real person. Mexicans on the other hand had what Stephen F. Austin called slaves helping them out in anything needed. Even though these so-called slaves were not chained up and whipped like American slaves, they were still slaves to Austin. This was because they were not paid for the job that they did and had no say so in family decisions. These so-called slaves were given, in return for their services good food and shelter.

Free College Essays - Symbolism in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Symbolism      Ã‚  The book The Scarlet Letter is all about symbolism.   People and objects are symbolic of events and thoughts.   Throughout the course of the book, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses Hester, Pearl, and Arthur Dimmesdale to signify Puritanic and Romantic philosophies.   Hester Prynne, through the eyes of the Puritans, is an extreme sinner; she has gone against the Puritan ways, committing adultery.   For this irrevocably harsh sin, she must wear a symbol of shame for the rest of her life.   However, the Romantic philosophies of Hawthorne put down the Puritanic beliefs.   She is a beautiful, young woman who has sinned, but is forgiven.   Hawthorne portrays Hester as "divine maternity" and she can do no wrong.   Not only Hester, but the physical scarlet letter, a Puritanical sign of disownment, is shown through the author's tone and diction as a beautiful, gold and colorful piece.   Pearl, Hester's child, is portrayed Puritanically, as a child of sin who should be treated as such, ugly, evil, and shamed.   The reader more evidently notices that Hawthorne carefully, and sometimes not subtly at all, places Pearl above the rest.   She wears colorful clothes, is extremely smart, pretty, and nice.   More often than not, she shows her intelligence and free thought, a trait of the Romantics.   One of Pearl's favorite activities is playing with flowers and trees.   (The reader will recall that anything affiliated with the forest was evil to Puritans.   To Hawthorne, however, the forest was beautiful and natural.)   "And she was gentler here [the forest] than in the grassy-margined streets of the settlement, or in her mother's cottage.   The flowers appeared to know it" (194) Pearl fit in with natural things.   Also, Pearl is always effervescent and joyous, which is definitely a negative to the Puritans.   Pearl is a virtual shouting match between the Puritanical views and the Romantic ways.   To most, but especially the Puritans, one of the most important members of a community is the religious leader; Arthur Dimmesdale is no exception.

The Relevance of Aristotle’s Poetics to the World Today Essay -- Arist

The Relevance of Aristotle’s Poetics to the World Today      Ã‚   The Canadian novelist Michael Ondaatje, in his last novel titled In the Skin of a Lion, wrote that "the first sentence of every novel should be: Trust me, this will take time but there is order here, very faint, very human" (Ondaatje 223).   Ondaatje noted that what makes a novel a novel is order or, as that order is sometimes referred to today, plot and structure.   It is that structure that we, as both the audience and the artist, rely on to understand and appreciate a work of art.   But, even though Ondaatje noticed the order necessary, he did not do what has been done before--offer an explanation, or rather, a definition of that order.   Over two-thousand years before Ondaatje wrote that line, Aristotle, in his Poetics, did attempt to define the order necessary for a work of art, whether it be literary, visual, or performance-based, to be successful.   But we, as modern critics and artists, must ask, can a theory proposed so many years ago still be worthy or in terpretation and study today?   Even a quick look at the literature and the theater produced in the last couple of centuries would reveal the public's answer:   Much of the great art of the world is great because of its reliance on and adherence to Aristotle's theories and definitions as well as a confidence in the new suppositions that have arisen out of Aristotle's words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before one can apply the theories of Aristotle to the world today, a brief presentation of a few of the most notable of those theories must be examined.   The first of these theories is now referred to as Aristotle's Unities; although, only one of the three unities can be directly attributed to the words of Aristotle.   In book ... ...wise, the longest running Broadway play of all time, Cats, certainly cannot be classified as the universal and clearly neglects the three unities.   Finally, most literature scholars would agree that James Joyce's Ulysses is a classic in literature, but, as it created its own style of literature, does not conform to any of Aristotle's principals.   It is clear though, with an influence in so many works of art, both past and contemporary, that, while maybe not a necessity, Aristotle's theories certainly are worthy of a careful study.    Works Cited Aristotle. "Poetics."   Dramatic Theory and Criticism.   Ed. Bernard F. Dukore.   Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1974. 31-55. Harmon, William, and C. Hugh Holman.   A Handbook to Literature. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999. Ondaatje, Michael.   In the Skin of a Lion.   Chicago: Penguin Publishers, 1987

A Woman Made a Yemeni Future

A woman made a Yemeni future The Republic of Yemen is one of the poorest countries in Arab world. Recently, Yemeni politic was rule by plain dictatorship for a long term. The economy is poor and corruptions were rampant in Yemen. Hence the Yemeni people made a decision to stand up to establish a democratic government. The Yemen uprising was up on January 2011 in Sana'a University which is in Yemen's capital. The leader of the protests was Tawakel Karman from Yemen. This essay will explain who Tawakel Karman is and why her accomplishments were recognized to the Nobel Peace Prize committee.Tawakel Karman is one of the greatest political activists in the world. She was born in 1979 in the port town of Taiz, which face with the Red Sea. She has been active  in searching for  freedom of expression  and  women rights in the Arab words. At the same time, she is a journalist and  a member of the  Al-Islah, which is  the largest  opposition party in Yemen. Tawakel and the prot esters   shouted ‘Day for rage’ among the troops and armed government officers at the seaport of  Aden  in northern  Yemen.?She is one of the three persons who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 and became the first woman from Arabia to be awarded the prize. She has  continued to regularly partake in protest  activities to  insist on  freedom of expression  and women rights  over the past five years. The Nobel Peace Prize  Committee  in Norway admired  her achievements of â€Å"seeking  full  attribution  to the society,  claiming the  safety  and rights  of women  without violence†. In the social background of the affair, there was huge discontent towards the long term dictator government in the Arab worlds.?Thus, she decided to lead not only the victims of ‘The Arab Spring’ but also all the people who deserve better human rights. Thus, Tawakel Karman’s achievements have brought great changes not just in Yemen but in many other Arabian countries too. There are three reasons why Tawakel Karman's achievements were deserving for winning the Nobel Peace Prize. First, she made contributions to improve Yemeni human rights and freedom of expressions, which were in a nonviolent way.Despite of the Yemeni dictator Saleh resorted to arms, she pressed for the improvement in social affair, which were great things. For example, she led a huge number of the Yemeni people and chanted their slogan in chorus again and again. Those incidents were broadcasted all over the world and aroused sympathy from many people. She indicated the Yemeni people's strong intensions through an interview. ‘We Yemeni people do not yield the dictator-ruled government and we want freedom in a peaceful way. ‘ Second, she insisted that the Yemeni woman should be liberated from Yemeni traditional dress codes.For example, by taking off her headdress and showing her face, she insisted that the dress code is enfo rced not by Koran, but by male-dominated Yemeni society. Her smiles were different from what we Japanese are used to have seen, she looked very confident. However, if she did not insist the importance to break away from such a bad custom, Yemeni woman still could not share their real feelings. That is to say, they would be forced to un-sensitive communication. If I were a Yemeni woman, I could not stand such a small world and might have gone insane at least.Finally, she co-founded the human rights group ‘Woman Journalists Without Chains' to make the Yemeni woman belong to all of the Yemeni society with safety. For example, she made full use of social network like a mobile phone to share her opinions and activity to the world. The Yemeni dominated social network looked like the Japanese painted textbook; General Headquarter censored and painted out the Japanese publications to hide the information, which they did not want to be known after World War 2 was ended.If I could not e xpress what I want to say, nobody would understand myself. For the each reasons I stated above are about Tawakel Karman's achievements to break away from the Yemeni social pressure in an amicable way. There is no Yemeni happiness without her achievements. Consequently, Tawakel Karman is indispensable for the Yemeni people and that is why her accomplishments were recognized the Nobel Peace Prize committee. (721words)

Paper Publishing Versus Electronic Publishing

Our world evolves in a very fast manner: from our household to outside jobs to recreation. All works concerned time efficiency and how works are to be done in the fastest way we can but not restraining the good quality of the product. All information, literary works and other works concerning anything under the sun relevant to mankind must be accounted for. Upon considering all information, literary works, and other works, it should be known to public by disseminating it. Publishing is the best way to communicate and disseminate information and works to the people. Traditionally, paper publishing do all the works when it comes to publication may it be news, literary works, musical works, and others. At present, the use of paper media in publishing is still enormous. However, considering the vastness of cost in using paper as a medium in publishing, then alternatives should be considered. Electronic publishing is the best alternative the web can give which has its appealing qualities and products. The evidence of its appealing features and products relies on the availability of the topic to be found. Electronic publishing make sure that their products and works are easy to access by its consumers thus providing them a lesser time in finding any information. Electronic publishing also has a wide range of links for a specific topic. Through the use of the web more information are readily access linking a particular topic to a more specific one. This makes the consumers or readers lessen the wasted time and have that excess time be useful in other activities. Due to the reasons discussed, it is evident that newspaper and book publishers convert their primary product into electronic publishing. Time, quality and reliability must coincide in choosing what to patronize when it regards to the news, literary works and other related works. The fastest the reliable information is to be disseminated the more consumers will trust and the better our world will be. References: Lawrence.http://www.idemployee.id.tue.nl/g.w.m.rauterberg/publications/CITESEER2001online-nature.pdf. retrieved July 25, 2007 Â   Â  

Jasper Jones Language Features Essay

In the Novel Jasper Jones by Craig Silvey, Silvey uses language features such as first person narrative, Allegory and symbolism for the purpose of helping the reader understand Charlie Bucktin’s journey from innocence to experience. Craig Silvey Uses First person narrative in the Novel Jasper Jones, The story is completely told though the eyes of Charlie Bucktin, an unassuming bookworm who is woken up one night when Jasper Jones comes to his window to ask him for help. As the reader we fully experience Charlies journey and because Charlie is depicted as a very bright young man the narrative is very descriptive and bears a whole host of colourful language that depicts, so clearly, each and every step that Charlie takes. Silvey writes Jasper Jones as an allegory to Harper Lee’s To kill a Mockingbird. It is through the intertextuality that provides the source of the action, thematic development(the journey of innocence to experience) and parallels between Charlie Bucktin and Scout’s narration in the respective texts. The repeated refrences that Charie makes to To Kill A Mockingbird also gives insight into Charlie’s character and the reasoning behind his actions. â€Å"I try to reason with him, like Atticus might† The Use of symbols in Jasper Jones is very effective as symbols are used to mark turning points and changes in Charlies life. The first symbol that is quite important is The collection, or library, of books belonging to Charlie’s father, Wes Bucktin. Wes’ library symbolises the beginning of Charlie’s journey to experience. Charlie is only granted access to this library when he refers to Jasper Jones as a â€Å"half caste† but once Charlie enters into this completely new world of literary immersion he begins to gain a lot of knowledge of the world and constantly uses reference to many titles in his narration such as: â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† and â€Å"To kill a Mockingbird†. Another Symbol used by Silvey is the symbol of the hole that Charlie is forced to dig by his mother. Charlie’s mother Ruth, makes Charlie dig a large hole in the backyard after Charlie comes home very late one night and has the whole town believing that he has been k idnapped. Although it isn’t apparent at first, the hole symbolises Charlie’s mothers own transgressions and her attempt to blame Charlie for everything is only her way of trying to make him â€Å"fill it in†. The Author uses the language features of first person narrative, allegory and symbolism for the purpose of helping the reader understand Charlie’s journey from innocence to experience. The use of first person narrative gives us inside access to Charlie’s thoughts and experiences and this allows the reader to be able to see Charlie change as the story continues. The Allegory helps us unserstand Charlie’s journey from innocence to experience by modelling his behaviour and actions against the characters from another classic novel with similar themes and plot and finally the use of symbols helps us to see when and how this journey begins to truly take place, when Charlie finds his mother having an extramarital affair he realises what she has been doing and when she tries to place it back on him he won’t allow it â€Å"you dug this hole, you fill it in† In The novel Jasper Jones By Craig Silvey, The Author uses the language features of first person narra tive, allegory and symbolism for the purpose of helping the reader understand Charlie’s journey from innocence to experience.

Leadership Style Essay

Leadership is a role that not all can partake but that many have excelled at. When asked who I admire as a leader I had to think quite a while. I had to decide what category of leader I could relate to the most. Would it be a political leader, a spiritual leader, a business leader or even a military leader? Ultimately I decided that I want someone who is multi-faceted in that they can lead in many situations and scenarios. Further it seems that leading in unfamiliar and new situations can allow a leader more freedom in his direction without being swayed by observations of others in similar situations. This led me to choose George Washington as my admirable leader since â€Å"George Washington can be used as an example of strong and ethical leadership in virtually any walk of life.† (Rees 2007, p. preface) Growing up we all learned of George Washington and his role as the first president of the United Sates. We hear of his honesty as told through the story of the cherry tree an d so on. His leadership is what gave him this large mark in our history books and it was not only displayed through his presidency. He was first a great military leader. In this role he displayed leader characteristics such as toughness, persistence, bravery and organization. These characteristics earned him the respect of his troops and the ongoing admiration of an entire country. His time as a political leader is what he is remembered most for. He was able to use his charismatic presence and moral strength to maneuver through a turbulent political environment. The leadership traits of foresight and strategic planning allowed him to hold at bay the continental army from a brittle and new civilian government. Through his, and with the help of other great leaders, efforts the path was paved for the United Sates to become the world’s leading super power. Though other leaders have achieved similar feats throughout history this one stands out for me as I have directly benefited from George Washington’s leadership.  Lastly a notable leadership trait that I admire of George Washington’s is his moral leadership. This helps distinguish him from other leaders of world powers before and after his time. It was not uncommon for leaders like Hitler, Stalin, and the Caesar’s or Persian Empire leaders who accomplished similar â€Å"world power† feats to rule by an iron fist and without morality to reach their goals. George Washington used his moral compass to create what may be a much longer lasting arena in which to lead, one that could be passed on to other worthy leaders. Many would like to think that they have the characteristics of a great leader. The reality is that if I, or anyone else, had the perfect mesh of traits for a leader then we would in fact be leading. While I do manage staff, departments and facilities I see myself as a professional and only an aspiring leader. It is my hope that through this course and the others I with be involved in throughout my time at University of Phoenix I will come closer to actually leading. Currently I have some leadership characteristics. There are some that seemed to come naturally and others that have taken time, effort and education. I’ve always seemed to have a knack at argument, or for our scholarly purposes, excellent persuasion ability. I can think clearly during exchanges and use opposing thinkers own examples and analogies to further substantiate my position. I treat people with respect regardless of their status. I strive to have a perfect balance on confidence and humility. I do not fear collaboration and tend to communicate well. If I were to list all the things I would need to do in order to become a better leader this paper would never end. In order to avoid this I will talk only about the traits I feel are the most important and in need of further understanding and practice from myself. Leveraging team strength’s needs some attention from me. I tend to look at people in their roles and corner them there. If I open my eyes a bit more as to their aptitude in other areas I could find that shining stars are sitting right in front of me. I need to be more fearless and take more risks. I have a tendency to play things safe seeking acceptable outcomes when I could take risks and seek excellent outcomes. If I were to take on a little more compassion for things going on with the people around me I may be able to find ways to create more dedicated followers. Followers that know I believe in them and care for their own well-being as opposed to simply the desired outcome of my leadership. Ultimately I wish to lead by example. I want to  lead follower’s development and act as a resource for their advice and assistance (Daft 2008). The greatest satisfaction I can achieve as a leader would be not only for my own desired success in life to be experienced but also to carve a path for those around me to thrive as well. Good leadership in my opinion will always result in an accumulative good, not and individual good. References Daft, R. (2008). The Leadership Experience. Mason: Thompson Learning, Inc. . James Rees, Stephen J. Spignesi (2007). George Washington’s Leadership Lessons. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Religious Health Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Religious Health Care - Research Paper Example In order to scale up their productivity, the facility has to eliminate mistakes in its operation. There are fundamental questions that this write-up will address in relation to the strategic performance of Religious Health Care as discussed below ( Milano, 1998). It is important to mention that Religion Health Care is in the forefront and in order to uphold its reputation. It must continue to offer quality services to its patients as the most important stakeholders in the organization. As a facility, they intend to expand in technology with an intention to improve on patient satisfaction. Religion Health Care and consultant team work together to ensure success in every faculty (Svensson, 2003). Q1). A number of critical issues must be solved by the organization as an expert falls on the governing board. The roles of the board are essential to the organizations success. The following suggestions provide steps that are imperative towards ensuring the board of management makes significant improvements. Ø The board should select the chief executive to govern all the operations within the organization. The officer may oversee all activities and direct the most appropriate techniques that should be employed to arrest risky situations. Ø Develop a framework of workmanship by maintaining a healthy relationship to enhance performance. The framework may help to ensure that there is no overlapping of task. Workers will know the activities that they should execute to ensure organization actualize its goals. To begin with patient and family satisfaction, significant decline can be observed from the hospital over the past one and half year. The institution uses a certain firm to tabulate the responses from already discharged patients. Before the start-up of the process, satisfaction reached 91% and from that point forward, it dropped 85 %. This can be

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Case study - Essay Example 5. The initial cause was the launching of the diversity program without a clear definition among managers as well as employees. The problem worsened when it was left to employees and facilitators, rather than management, to define what they thought diversity was. The effect was that the rules probably went beyond what management initially expected. Naylor (1999) mentioned that the underlying value in American culture is the freedom to one’s beliefs. These would include unpopular beliefs that work against diversity. A seminar and training at the workplace may not be enough to change these beliefs, leading to a hidden resentment in some workers. 6. Alliant operates in an industry that is high-tech, requiring constant innovation, creativity, and fresh ideas. An organization that can come up with technical advances first, operate more efficiently, and provide reliable service at the safest and cheapest way possible, will be differentiated from its competitors. But if the company puts priority on diversity before its need to find the best technical materials and people, efficiency and safety may suffer. 7. Diversity in the workforce provides a greater source of creative ideas and knowledge of customers; it therefore creates competitive advantages for the organization. Diversity among suppliers may lower costs and improve sources of materials as suppliers compete with each other. But Alliant wants people to accept diversity at a personal level. At this level, accepting any belief is a personal choice, so the company’s efforts may be interfering with personal freedoms beyond what the work demands. 8. The company must set a boundary so that diversity in the workplace is attained without interfering with personal prerogatives. Attitudinal change deals with deeply rooted ideas about race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and class, which people were raised with (Healey, 2005). The company

Madea, world literature volume A book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Madea, world literature volume A book - Essay Example Medea is basically the story of a woman who engages in a desperate struggle to maintain her position and survive in the Greek world that is dominated by unsympathetic men. Taking charge of life was a thing unheard of for a woman in a male dominated world which was the case with Greece at that time. But, Medea is different from the rest of women of her time because she does not find peace in bowing her head down and accepting her defeat. Rather, she moves on to using men to achieve her own ends by employing smart skills of determination and manipulation after her husband gives up on their family. Medea has a burning desire for revenge and she goes all the way through to seek it in contrast to how other women would have behaved in that time. Concluding, though it cannot be denied that Medea’s portrayal by Euripides is quite dangerous because it evokes scorn for women like Medea who act as barbarians to seek revenge, truth is that Medea was definitely a woman of exceptional intellectual

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis Assignment - 2

Strategy, Business Information and Analysis - Assignment Example When a company does not know how to tackle the complexity being contributed by the external factors, the only option for addressing such issues would be to develop, design and implement a strategy. However, before going to implement, the strategy, it is highly significant to take into account the external and internal factors along with considering the examples of successful and failed strategies. In the following parts of this paper, first strategy has been defined in which Mintzberg’s 5Ps have been included. Subsequently, it is followed by the evolution of the word ‘strategy† has been provided. After that part, different schools of thoughts have also been included. Before the part addressing the question of strategy construction, the answer of the question (Does strategy matter?) has been provided. Strategy is a broad term (Snyder, 1999). Strategy has a specific definition and sense particularly within the context of business (Campbell et al. 2002). In this regard, Mintzberg (1987) defines strategy can have five different types of definitions: plan, ploy, pattern, position and perspective. And each is separately defined and explained below. Strategy can be defined as a plan (Mintzberg, 1987). It can be a course of action, a set of guidelines for carrying out specific actions for dealing with a particular situation (Mintzberg, 1987). Mintzberg (1987) further explains that this definition has two dimensions: the plans are developed in advance and concentrated and careful efforts are utilised for developing such plan. Subsequently, strategy can work as a ploy (Mintzberg, 1987). In this type of situation, an organisation tries to manoeuvre for the purpose of discouraging competitors from taking certain strategic action Mintzberg (1987). In this type of strategy, the organisation is not really interested to implement what it

Analysis of The Secret Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of The Secret - Essay Example The film explicit that human mind is full of negative and positive thoughts. However, in the overall thinking process either positivity or negativity gets complete hold of the mind. If the mind is under the control of positive attraction then things that people plan to achieve are acquired easily (â€Å"The Secret†, n. p.). This concept of positive attraction has actually played a significant role in my coming to the college such that all through my childhood and early teenage I heard and saw people enjoying their college life and building successful careers. Since then onwards I developed an entirely positive thinking about getting into the college. As it is explained in the film that internal positivity attracts external positivity (â€Å"The Secret†, n. p.), the same thing happened with me. I began to make friends who were also fond of getting into college with the similar positive thoughts and intensity. Since through the initial point I had concentrated on the posi tive attributes of college therefore ultimately I ended up in gaining positive outcomes. Visualization, affirmation and law of attraction can be explained as the core principles leading towards a successful and contented life (â€Å"The Secret†, n. p.). Let’s consider visualization, whatever I will be thinking about in my college life that I will visualize in my mind throughout that period. For instance, I can use this principle to be a competent student in my college through visualizing its positive and long lasting outcomes. Moreover, I can visualize myself as the best student of the year so as to remain motivated, to strive more and learn more. The second principle talks about affirmation which is actually correlated with the principle of visualization. For instance, in order to be a successful student and later a successful professional I will have to be affirmative upon my visualization such that whatever my mind is thinking about is all attainable and achievable. Building affirmation is slightly more difficult than visualizing what you want and therefore it must be supported by positive and highly acknowledgeable individuals who have already attained what I am striving for (â€Å"The Secret†, n. p.). This will significantly help me in affirming my visual thinking while simultaneously aligning all the academic goals and objectives of my life with my thoughts. Last is the law of attraction, as discussed in the film visualization and law of attraction play an equivalent role in a person’s life since I will visualize things towards which I am actually attracted (â€Å"The Secret†, n. p.). For instance, I like seeing people getting high grades and having good academic records; therefore, I am always attracted to higher grades and visualize the same for myself. Since our attractions are also attracted towards ourselves due to positive emissions therefore I will be careful in building attractions towards different things in my college life so as to eliminate all those elements of the college environment which are not consistent with my academic goals. For further explanation following are the examples of how I will use all three principles in order to achieve success in my college life. Visualization: I can use this principle through imagining that I have got the best college teachers. In addition to this I can imagine having highest grades in college while maintaining good record of extracurricular activities. Affirmation: Affirmation of what I am visualizing is the most important part of the overall process which

Global Corporate Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Corporate Strategy - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the emerging markets of India and China have been recorded as the fastest growing nations in terms of consuming higher rates of oil, gas and petrochemical products. In this context, the global energy companies such as British Petroleum (BP), Shell, Mobil, and Total have been highly recognized to involve competitive pricing strategies in order to gain substantial return from their global subsidiaries especially located in the emerging markets. However, the oil and gas companies have also been witnessing numerous issues not only for their competitive business strategies but also for their radical impact on the global ecosystem. In this context, the organizations associated with global oil and gas manufacturing industry must also contend with changing regulatory requirements involving their corporate governance different environmental issues. Emphasising the unabated challenges and opportunities faced by the dominant marketers in global oil and gas industry, the essay tends to carry out an appropriate analysis of the global corporate strategies adopted by BP and other world-class Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical suppliers such as Shell, Mobil, Chevron and Total since 2010 to date. The essay also tends to demonstrate the corporate strategic measures of BP in terms of creating a high-performance culture in the global business locations that enable it to effectively deal with both challenges and opportunities in the global oil and gas industry as well.

Sensory evaluation of food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sensory evaluation of food - Assignment Example Sensory evaluation is sometimes done to label a product as acceptable or unacceptable. Sensory evaluation gives information about the typical characteristics of the food product or any of its ingredients so that any necessary change can be made to the food item or any ingredient can be avoided or replaced. A sensory analysis on a final product or newly introduced product would judge whether the food item is in line with its original specification. Feedback is collected after sensory evaluation so that any small or big amendment may be made to improve the product. Further evaluation would include the analysis of the food properties. Properties of the food and its ingredients are scientifically measured. These measured scientific properties are analyzed and interpreted to get the results. Sensory analysis would tell how the assessed food item is perceived through the five senses. Appearance, taste, smell, touch and hearing are the five factors that are used as parameters to analyze the food item. The color of the food item, its smell, its taste, its physical nature and sound would grade it. The color of a food item would reveal some of its properties. For example, deep fried items and those with artificial color would reveal its nature through its color. The smell of gravy will reveal the presence of absence of spices in it. Taste of a food item would disclose majority of its ingredients. Taste would reveal what is included and what is missing. As we touch a cake we will understand how much cream is used for making it. If you want to test a piece of banana or potato chips you just need to bite it once. Sensory evaluation would thus give complete analysis of a food item. Sensory evaluation is very much required for newly developed products. Sensory analysis would check whether a newly developed product is unique or comparable to another product of same range. Some products may be complete imitations of another product which is already established. Some may

European Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

European Human Rights - Essay Example In this respect, this essay will argue that aside from the HRA's failure to properly incorporate the Convention rights; a more crucial failure is the fact that it leaves courts hesitant to apply the legislation due to the vague guidelines given under section 3 of the Act. As previously mentioned, the HRA is meant to give guarantees to the rights and freedoms embodied in the convention. Among its effects, the Act renders it "unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right."4 In addition, it also obliges courts to "[s]o far as possible to do so"5, ensure that "primary legislation and subordinate legislation must be read and given effect in a way which is compatible with Convention rights"6 and in instances where it is not possible, to "make a declaration of that incompatibility"7. Since the Act came into effect, however, the HRA's significance in successfully protecting the rights and freedoms embodied in the Convention has been limited by the two aforementioned provisions. First, with regard to the obligation posed on authorities under section 6, case law has exhibited difficulties in determining whether or not the person in question of violating the Convention under the HRA is a 'public authority', aptly defined or not. Under section 6, public authorities are defined as "a court or tribunal" or "any person certain of whose functions are functions of a public nature." 8 In this respect, the definition of public authority is imperative because in cases where violations of human rights occurred, individuals can only be awarded damages against public authorities. As defined by the act, damages refer to "damages for an unlawful act of a public authority".9 The definition of public authority is therefore a crucial aspect of enforcing the law, and applying it in courts. However, difficulty lies in determining whether a person has functions that are of public nature and whether public authorities are operating under private transactions. In the case of Poplar Housing and Regeneration Community Association Ltd v Donoghue [2002] QB 48, 67, a private body was deemed to be performing public functions, and hence liable under section 6 of the Act.10 In this respect, the case was considered a landmark in case law regarding the definition of public authority, because it called for "a generous interpretation of who is a public authority".11 As a result, the definition of the term achieved what Lord Irvine indicated as a need for an extended and "wide-ranging definition of public authority", in order to extend the liabilities under the HRA "to provide as much protection as possible for the rights of the individual against the misuse of power by the state" preserving parliamentary sovereignty.12 However, the changing nature of government functions, as well as the growing partnership between public and private organizations has rendered this already difficult task more complex. In this respect, Lord Nicholls illustrates this in Aston Cantlow v Wallbank [2004] 1 AC 546, stating that: there is no single test of universal application. There cannot be, given the diverse nature of governmental functions and the variety of means by which these functions are discharged today.

Someone Who Inspires Me Essay Example for Free

Someone Who Inspires Me Essay There are so many people who have influenced my life, but the person that stands out the most is my grandmother. I call her my Nee because I couldn’t say â€Å"Grandma† when I started talking. She always is a happy person every time I see her; she always tries to make herself a better person no matter what. I look up to her every day, and I want to grow up and be respected like she is. She has influenced me by her actions to respect elders, respect my parents, and the most important one is to always have a smile on my face even when I’m down. Nee always tells me to respect my elders. She always leaves an impression to my eyes for the reason that she still respects her elders to this day. I can remember from day one that she always tells me to use my manners no matter who it is. I would always get in trouble for not saying â€Å"Yes Ma’am†, â€Å"No Sir†, â€Å"Please and Thank You†. When we go out in public she always sees someone she knows, and I will always catch her saying those words. Even if they aren’t older than her, she still uses her manners. I know she always reminds me to have respect because she will always compliment kids that use manners towards her. By her telling me that she loves and respects it when kids use manners, then I know the elders love and respect it when I use my manners. I get complimented all the time for having such great manners and I will always tell everyone that it’s all because of my grandmother. Respecting my parents is very important to her also. She always would tell me when I went over to her house to never be rude to my parents. They are the reason I am here today, and have such a fantastic life. I will ever forget the day when I had to go clean her house, because at a family outing I yelled at my parents for a dumb reason, and my grandma got mad. She told me that I had to come over for the weekend and she was going to teach me a valuable lesson about respecting my parents. I had to clean all the floors and windows, and let me tell you that was not enjoyable. I learned my lesson real quick and I would never yell at my parents again. My grandmother taught me that I am disobeying God by yelling at my parents. Nee always has a smile on her face no matter what her day been like. She is always a happy person and just brings a happy mood to the room. I look up to that greatly because I want to be happy all the time, and I want people to want to be around me. She would always tell me that nobody likes being around sad and gloomy people since it will just make them in that mood also. One weekend I was very cheerless and I walked into the room that had a joyful atmosphere, and then it just dropped to pure unhappiness. I could hear Nee inside my head telling me â€Å"People don’t like to be around others who are not cheerful†, and right then I changed my mood. I didn’t want to make those happy people all gloomy because I was; I wanted them to want to be around me. She would also tell me that going to church and worshiping The Lord will forever make you in such a joyful mood. I have gone to church since I was little, and every Sunday when I leave, I always have a smile on my face. As Nee continues to teach me respect and how to become a better person, her influence on me will just keep increasing significantly. Her teaching me to respect my elders no matter how old I am shows me that I still have to use my manner when I am an elder; because that’s how I want to be treated by younger people. She always will tell me that I need to respect my parents no matter what the situation is and to view the fact that one day they won’t be here and I’m going to be a parent. Last but not least, I always need to remember to have a smile on my face. I will always hear Nee tell me that nobody wants to be around depressing people, so I better turn that frown upside down. By Nee teaching me to respect elders, respect my parents, and always keep a smile on my face, I have no doubt that I will be an influence on someone else in the future.

Mahatma Gandhi Essay Example for Free

Mahatma Gandhi Essay In 1978, James McGregor Burns wrote about the dearth of leadership. One of the most universal cravings of our time is a hunger for compelling and creative leadership. McGregor Burns’ search for moral leadership reveals the tragedy of leadership studies- the confusion of leadership with power. Traditionally, leaders have been defined as those who hold power; allowing presidents, prime ministers and military generals, regardless of their accomplishments, to be considered leaders. Leadership studies have been further detracted from moral leadership because of the confusion of leadership with management. John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford, and Bill Gates are considered leaders for the economic power they amassed. The confusion of leadership with power and leadership with management has led to a model of leadership that is Machiavellian (manipulative), hierarchical, authoritative, impersonal, elitist, and self-interested. The person I believe to be the greatest leader of the twentieth century exhibited none of the qualities named above. This person held no official political title; he commanded no army and he amassed no great wealth. He did, however, have tremendous influence. This truly exemplary leader derived his power from the conscious citizenry. The leader I am referring to is Mahatma Gandhi. Instrumental in the Indian Independence movement, Gandhi’s influence extended beyond the borders of India to the rest of the world. Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence inspired millions, including the great American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. A simple, pious man, Gandhi identified with and won the hearts of India’s most politically and economically marginalized people. He spent his life fighting to overcome modern forms of enslavement and oppression- caste oppression, religious hatred, gender oppression, and, what he saw as the worst form of violence, poverty. The purpose of this essay is to outline Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and it’s influence worldwide as well as the strategies and characteristics that made Gandhi successful. Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence involved civil resistance, refusal to comply with unjust laws. He developed this philosophy while living and practicing law in South Africa. Organizing resistance to the notorious and grossly unjust apartheid system, which provoked significant legislative change, Gandhi left an indelible mark on the South African struggle for racial justice. Upon his return to India in 1915, Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence became infused with the struggle for swaraj (self-rule). In India, Gandhi raised his philosophy of non-violence to new levels of sophistication. Gandhi believed that organized non-violent civil resistance, not war, would awaken the consciousness of the British to their unjust domination over India. This was the belief that guided the Bardoili protest, the Amritsar Massacre and the Salt March. Gandhi’s mobilizations were so successful that they tarnished Britain’s international reputation and provoked irreversible change in Britain’s policy towards India, illustrating the potential of organized non-violent civil resistance. Gandhi was an uncompromising opponent of violence. He knew that using violence to fight violence corrupts and debases even the most noble of causes and leaves a legacy of bloodshed. If we look to the revolutionary movements of the twentieth century, we see the truth in Gandhi’s beliefs. The Bolsheviks, Maoists, the Khmer Rouge, the Shining Path, Sein Fein and the Palestinian Liberation Organization all left tremendous bloodshed in the paths towards liberation. They left a legacy of death and violence, rather than peace. Gandhi knew that the only solution to hatred, ignorance and fear was love, truth, and forgiveness. He knew that overcoming unjust hierarchies doesn’t mean inverting them; it means eliminating them altogether. Gandhi and his followers, like those who risked their lives to hide Jews during the Nazi regime, were prepared to die to make injustice visible for the entire world to see. For Gandhi, truth was a powerful weapon, needing no others. Indeed, truth has proven to be the most powerful weapon humanity has even known. One of the strategies that made Gandhi an effective leader was his ability to build bridges between communities, between upper and lower caste Hindus and among Hindus, Muslims and Christians. Gandhi saw the intrinsic humanity of all individuals, regardless of their caste, religion, gender, or social position in society. Deeply upset by communalism (Hindu-Muslim animosity), Gandhi was able to promote religious harmony through his personal and public actions. When this harmony was threatened, he fasted. Gandhi’s tremendous ability to bring an end to provincial and religious hatreds was tested time and time again with the Yeravda Pact and his fasts to end violence in Calcutta, Bengal and Delhi. One of the characteristics that made Gandhi successful was his ability to identify with the poor masses of India. Gandhi’s philosophy of self-rule distinguished itself from the elitism that characterized the Indian Independence movement, as well as virtually all other Independence movements of this century. Gandhi knew that freeing India from the yoke of imperialism also meant freeing the masses from economic servitude. Gandhi was opposed to Independence for only an elite few; he was fearful of an Independent India that would replicate past religious, caste and economic oppressions. Gandhi provided leadership by example. He exhibited the perfect marriage between personal morality and public action. The best example of this was his use of homespun cloth that provided employment for the poor masses and revived the village economy. In a world in which the inequalities generated by a global economy are becoming more obvious and frightening, Gandhi’s critique of technology and economies that benefit the powerful and marginalize the powerless is all too relevant today. The best demonstration of Gandhi’s leadership is his worldwide influence. American civil rights leader, Martin Luther King Jr., the Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Belo of East Timor, and countless other leaders have been deeply influenced by Gandhi and his philosophy of non-violence. For example, in 1994, in a Gandhian spirit of forgiveness and reconciliation, Nelson Mandela reached out to his adversaries- the same ones who had tortured and imprisoned him to bring an end to apartheid rule. Gandhi’s greatest legacy is the notoriety he achieved for advocating non-violence as a means of overcoming oppression. It is this belief that guides the actions of millions of average citizens who participate in civil society movements today across the globe. A tribute to Gandhi’s enduring lifetime achievements will be paid by naming the first decade of the new millenium the United Nations Decade of Non-Violence. No greater tribute has ever been paid to a leader of this century. Inspired and profoundly moved by his life and work, I hope the Decade of Non-Violence will truly awaken the consciousness of humanity into liberating ourselves from all and every kind of oppression; using truth as our only tool.

Critically Evaluate Doyles Definition Marketing Essay

Critically Evaluate Doyles Definition Marketing Essay Most academics and marketing practioners consider that there are two basic approaches to marketing which are often categorised as being traditional or relationship based. The traditional approach to marketing has the acquisition of new customers as its central tenet. Indeed, Peter Drucker (1964, p. 91) suggested that a business only existed to create a customer. However, organisations have increasingly begun to recognise that customer retention is as important, if not more so, than customer acquisition. The driving force behind this change in thinking has been the ever increasing cost of acquiring new customers (Holmlund and Koch, 1996). Therefore, in contrast to traditional marketing, the basic premise of relationship marketing is the development of customer relationships with a view to cost reduction within the organisation and increased shareholder value through the creation of high levels of customer satisfaction (Perrien and Ricard, 1995). Indeed, many relationship marketing the orists summarise the difference between relationship marketing and traditional marketing as the creation of customer satisfaction rather than the creation of a customer (Perrien and Ricard, 1995). In terms of the competitive advantage dimension of Doyles definition, Porters Generic Strategies model (1980, p. 39 see Appendix I) suggests that the traditional approach to marketing relies heavily on a strategy of cost leadership and price competiveness. In contrast, relationship marketing focuses on differentiation, in terms of product and/or brand attributes, as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. It can be seen, therefore, that Doyles definition of marketing is closely allied to the relationship marketing school of thinking. However, Doyles definition does not take account of the fact that the implementation of a relationship based approach to marketing alone does not necessarily guarantee that an organisation will achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, or, therefore, a subsequent maximisation of shareholder returns. To have the potential for this, a relationship marketing programme must include attractive and relevant value propositions for customers, which should differentiate an organisations brand and/or products from those of its competitors. In addition, these differentiated value propositions should not be easy for competitors to imitate (Barney, 1991). It is critical, therefore, that an organisation establishes exactly what value its customers are seeking in order for it to be able to design and deliver the appropriate value-enhancing benefits that will facilita te the building of meaningful long-term, and mutually beneficial, customer relationships (Christopher et al, 2002, p. 22). Doyles definition refers only to valued customers suggesting that they are a homogenous group. However, not all customers are alike and Newell (2003, p. 17) articulates this when he states that Customers dont want to be treated equally. They want to be treated individually. Therefore, not only does successful relationship marketing rely on the creation of customer value propositions but also on the process of segmenting and targeting the most appropriate customers and then tailoring and positioning value propositions to appeal to the various, identified consumer segments. Furthermore, the segmentation of consumers by psychographic and behavioural attributes enables an organisation to understand the different motivational factors that influence those consumers in their purchasing behaviour towards specific brands or products, thus facilitating a more individual approach to customers. In addition, segmentation by this method provides an organisation with an insight into the specific va lue benefits that its customers, and potential customers, are seeking when they make a purchase. This, in turn, assists in the creation of desirable and differentiated brands and/or products, and enables their effective positioning for the identified segments (Dibb et al., 1997). The segmentation, targeting, and positioning process is summarised in Appendix II. Doyles definition of marketing specifically identifies developing relationships with valued customers as a means of creating a competitive advantage. However, the definition makes no reference to any other stakeholder groups that an organisation may have, and will certainly need to interact with, if it is to build and sustain a competitive advantage. The six markets stakeholder model indentifies the key stakeholder groups that require attention from any organisation that adopts a comprehensive relationship marketing approach to the achievement of its business growth and profitability objectives (Christopher et al., 2002, p. 76 see Appendix III) Whilst this model is certainly customer centric, it recognises different stakeholder groups as having the potential to engage in active relationships with the organisation and., therefore, be considered for inclusion within its marketing strategy. It is necessary for organisations to effectively manage relationships with all of these groups e specially as they have an interrelationship with each other. For example, shareholders in an organisation are members of the Influencer Markets, but may also be part of the Referral Markets and the Customer Markets. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, in terms of support for Doyles definition, research has shown that there is a direct link between the adoption of a successful relationship marketing strategy and profit (Bhote, 1996). None of this is to say, however, that traditional marketing does not have a role to play in the modern-day commercial environment. There is no doubt that many consumers have a short-term outlook, in terms of their purchasing behaviour, and are not necessarily loyal to particular brands. Indeed, such consumers may buy particular brands out of habit or they may actively search for brands regardless of whether or not they are being targeted by relationship marketing programmes (Kotler and Armstrong, 2011, p. 150). In this sense, Doyles definition does not recognise the concept or value of traditional marketing. However, the many exponents of the traditional approach to marketing regard it as a distinct and dedicated management function within an organisation that is responsible for creating transactions with certain groups of customers that satisfy their immediate needs and wants whilst, at the same time, meeting the marketing objectives set by the organisation (Grà ¶nroos, 2006). Organisations that deploy traditional marketing methods tend to view the marketing function as being responsible for the so-called four Ps, namely Product, Place (distribution), Price, and Promotion, rather than the management of customer relationships. Research has also shown that, in fact, very few organisations deploy exclusively either traditional marketing or relationship marketing. More often than not there will be a blending of the two marketing disciplines and, in terms of responsibility within an organisation, traditional marketing may be the domain of the marketing department with customer relationship management being a standalone function. In any case, the choice between using one of the two methods, and using both, should always be based on the industry in question and the needs of the customer. (Zinedlin and Philipson, 2007). However, there remains no doubt that many consumers are willing, and able, to form emotional, as well as practical, transaction-based relationships with organisations. This is particularly the case where an organisation has a recognisable brand as consumers are more likely to identify with a brand, and remain loyal to that brand, than they are to an organisation. Loyalty by customers to a brand is known to be a prime factor in the creation of sustainable competitive advantage and, therefore, business growth and profitability (Aggarwal, 2004). It is for these reasons that, according to Kotler and Armstrong (2011, p. 259), of all the assets owned by an organisation, the brand is the perhaps the most enduring and valuable in terms of its ability to generate shareholder wealth. Consequently, although Doyles definition of marketing has been seen to exclude the still relevant dimension of traditional marketing, it can be effectively applied to the creation and management of the marketing s trategy of an organisation. Even so, Doyles definition does not go far enough in its attempts to encompass the practice and value of relationship marketing as it does not specifically refer to the strategically significant role of brands in building sustainable competitive advantage. Consequently, to apply Doyles definition in a practical sense to the creation and management of an organisations marketing strategy, it is first necessary to discuss and evaluate the role that branding and brand reputation plays. As has already been shown, true relationship marketing demands that brands, and their inherent value propositions, are positioned in a differentiated and competitive sense against the various identified consumer segments. This is only the first step in the branding process and it is critical to the building of a sustainable competitive advantage that, over time, an organisation is able to build and sustain its brand reputation. Brand reputation is to do with how customers think and feel about a brand and, in order to develop brand reputation organisations need to have certain building blocks in place to enable customers to feel confident in developing meaningful relationships with the brand (Keller, 2003). These building blocks include brand salience, perfor mance, imagery, and resonance, which all impact on the judgements consumers make about a brand and, ultimately, how they will behave towards it. This process of brand reputation building is summarised in Appendix IV. If the process is followed effectively, then customers will ultimately progress from understanding, and empathising with, the brands value propositions to having a resonance with the brand and being ready to form an emotional relationship with it. To maximise the value of this potential emotional relationship, organisations have to take advantage of every available opportunity to ensure that engagement between their brand and their customers is positive. These engagements can comprise a number of so called customer touchpoints, such as direct marketing, helplines, advertising, and social media. Every time that a customer engages with a brand through a touchpoint that customers views and opinions about the brand are formulated and, ultimately, this will influence attitudes and behaviour towards the brand. Indeed, Doyle himself (1998) suggested that, by maximising the positive and integrated nature of customer engagements with their brands, organisations could enhance their overall bra nd reputations. Consumers who form emotional relationships with brands can actually become so enthusiastic about these relationships that they develop a loyalty to the brand and may even progress as far as becoming so called brand advocates, recommending the brand to friends, family, and members of their peer and reference groups (Aggarwal, 2004). If the organisation carefully nurtures these loyal customers and brand advocates, then they can become immensely valuable, in terms of future shareholder returns, and groups of them may even form themselves into brand communities on social networking sites, such as Facebook, where their influence over other customers and potential customers will be even greater. In summary and conclusion, it can be seen that the successful management of an organisations customer relationships can lead to customer loyalty and advocacy and is a key factor in an organisations ability to establish and maintain its competitive advantage, which, in itself, is a prerequisite for growth and profitability in todays globalised and highly competitive marketplace. Although Doyles definition recognises the increasingly significant role of customer relationship management within the marketing discipline, it fails to take account of the other key stakeholder groups that interact within an organisation, and with each other. Equally, certain strategically important aspects of a comprehensive relationship marketing strategy that will maximise competitive advantage and, in turn, shareholder returns, are not referred to in Doyles definition. These shortcomings include a lack of recognition of the value and role of brands in the marketing process as well as the significance of s egmentation, targeting, and positioning. In addition, Doyles definition totally excludes any reference to the important role that traditional marketing is still able to play within a successful marketing strategy Even so, although Doyles definition does fall short in certain areas, it is still a solid foundation for the framing of an organisations marketing strategy. This is because modern-day organisations have to understand that, in order to deliver the returns that their shareholders demand, a significant element of marketing practice has to be focussed on the building of long-term, mutually beneficial relationships with customers rather than on new customer acquisition. This is especially true as consumers not only have an increasingly heightened awareness of brands but also take more account of a brands reputation when making a purchasing decision. Equally, consumers are more willing to express their brand awareness by either defection from, or loyalty to, particular brands. Organisations can encourage customer loyalty to their brands by developing and communicating, at every available opportunity, consistent, relevant, and powerful brand propositions that are customised to their identif ied market segments. In this way, brands can build competitive advantage through differentiation rather than through the adoption of low pricing policies which impact negatively on profitability and, thereby on shareholder returns. -